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Summary The monoclonal antibody CIICI reacts with the C1 epitope (triple helical position 358-364) of collagen type II. The monocolonal antibody CIIC1 has been shown to induce CAIA in naïve mice after injection of lipopolysacharide (LPS). However, in combination with the monoclonal antibody M2139, binding to the J1 epitope of CII, the pair of monoclonal antibodies induce arthritis in different strains of mice without any other stimulants. The presence of secondary stimulus, LPS, increases the disease incidence and severity.

Summary Monoclonal antibody B8E5 acts by functional dimerization of the receptor resulting in stabilization of the constitutive active receptor dimers and paradoxically induces a small decrease in carbachol affinity for the M2 receptor. It recognizes the pentapeptide VRTVE (aa 168-172) corresponding to the N-terminal part of the second extracellular loop of the human M2 receptor.